Hi Tom,
For finding out where the notes are you might find this pattern helpful. It shows all the C's, no pedals or levers, follow the arrows for unisons. Obviously you can move this pattern horizontally to find every note on the E9th neck.

It's not a very useful way to learn how to play pedal steel though. Most players play out of positions as mentioned above. ie They learn where the major & minor chords are with several different pedal/lever combinations, and they learn how to move between those positions by sliding through inversions and using harmonised scales. Learning the individual notes on the neck is of more limited use because the pedals and levers put all that in flux. You're essentially changing the guitar's tuning all the time and if you tried to track that that while you're playing you'd quickly go a bit mad. If you know what root position you're playing out of and where the nearest related chords are (eg 4, 5dom7, 6m etc) you can create all those nice pedal steel harmonies quite easily on the fly. They just happen on their own!
There is more than one way to bake a cake though, and I'm sure you will find some value in transcribing things across from guitar. Personally I think life is too short for this. To my way of thinking it's a very different instrument and demands its own approach.
As for transcribing for pedal steel from recordings, it is useful to learn the tab system, it's fairly standardised and explained well in books such as Winnie Winston and Bill Keith's 'Pedal Steel Guitar' (50 years old this year, still in print, still the best). The tricky part is distinguishing where on the neck something you hear on a record is played, although the process is very good ear training. Again, the chart above may help, but knowing positions makes working out the player's moves more predictable and much quicker. Technology such as apps or gadgets that slow down and loop really help too.
Good luck with it. Do get in touch with me if you would like some remote lessons to get you going.
Jonathan