Harry, your ears will tell you if you are listening to a note or its counterpart an octave above - or below. As you get into things your ears will start to be able to recognise the "distance" between notes, whether a chord is major, minor, a 7th and so on. Many chords and "intervals" (distances between notes) have a distinctive sound.
They do say that the people who live longest are doctors, lawyers and musicians - all that brain activity! That of course is why pedal steel players seem to be concentrating hard...
Nothing else sounds like a steel guitar, you have picked a wonderful instrument to learn. Don't ever be afraid to ask, we don't bite!
Will